The intricate network of arteries in the lower limb plays a crucial role in supplying oxygenated blood to the muscles, bones, and skin. lower limb arteries, exploring their origins, pathways, and branches.

## Femoral Artery: The Lifeline of the Lower Extremity

The femoral artery is the largest and most significant conduit, bringing oxygenated blood to the entire lower limb. It emerges as a continuation of the external iliac artery, which itself arises from the abdominal aorta. As the external iliac artery crosses under the inguinal ligament, it transforms into the femoral artery within the femoral triangle. This critical vessel supplies blood to the thigh, knee, and leg regions.

### Branches of the Femoral Artery:

1. Superficial Epigastric Artery: This branch courses superficially over the anterior abdominal wall.
2. Superficial Circumflex Iliac Artery: It travels laterally across the inguinal ligament, nourishing the skin and muscles.
3. Superficial External Pudendal Artery: Responsible for blood supply to the external genitalia.
4. Deep External Pudendal Artery: Supplies the perineum.
5. Deep Femoral Artery (Profunda Femoris): A major branch that provides blood to the thigh muscles.
6. Descending Genicular Artery: This vessel contributes to the blood supply of the knee joint.

## Arteries of the Hip and Thigh:

1. Gluteal Arteries (Superior and Inferior): These arteries serve the gluteal muscles and the hip joint.
2. Obturator Artery: It accompanies the obturator nerve and supplies the adductor muscles.
3. Deep Femoral Artery (Profunda Femoris): In addition to its role in the thigh, it gives off perforating branches that pierce the adductor magnus muscle.
4. Descending Genicular Arteries: These branches participate in the formation of the genicular anastomosis, ensuring adequate blood supply to the knee joint.

## Arteries of the Knee and Leg:

1. Popliteal Artery: The continuation of the femoral artery, it courses behind the knee joint. It gives rise to several important branches:
– Superior Genicular Arteries (Medial and Lateral): These nourish the femur and knee joint.
– Inferior Genicular Arteries (Medial and Lateral): They contribute to the genicular anastomosis.
– Anterior Tibial Artery: Descends along the anterior leg, supplying the muscles and skin.
– Posterior Tibial Artery: Runs posteriorly, providing blood to the calf muscles.
– Anterior Malleolar Arteries (Medial and Lateral): These vessels serve the ankle joint and surrounding structures.
– Fibular (Peroneal) Arteries: Supply the lateral leg muscles.

## Arteries of the Ankle and Foot:

1. Malleolar Arteries (Anterior and Posterior): These vessels encircle the ankle joint.
2. Dorsalis Pedis Artery (Dorsal Artery of the Foot): It runs along the dorsum of the foot, ensuring blood supply to the toes.
3. Plantar Arteries (Medial and Lateral): These arteries form the plantar arch, nourishing the sole of the foot.
4. Tarsal Arteries (Medial and Lateral): They supply the tarsal bones.
5. Arcuate Artery: An essential component of the plantar arch.
6. Dorsal Metatarsal Arteries: These vessels extend to the toes.
7. Deep Plantar Arch: Ensures robust blood flow to the plantar structures.
8. Plantar Metatarsal Arteries: They contribute to the metatarsal region.

In summary, the intricate arterial network of the lower limb orchestrates the symphony of movement, allowing us to stand, walk, and leap. Understanding this vascular masterpiece enhances our appreciation for the remarkable coordination required to keep our legs in motion.

: [Kenhub – Lower Limb Arteries and Nerves](https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/lower-extremities-arteries-and-nerves)
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