Fetal Circulation
Posted inMedical

Fetal Circulation

Before birth, the fetus relies on unique circulatory shortcuts because its lungs are non-functional and it gets oxygen and nutrients from the placenta via the umbilical cord. Oxygen-rich blood enters…
Hyperbaric Chamber
Posted inMedical

Hyperbaric Chamber

Hyperbaric chambers deliver oxygen therapy by placing patients in pressurized environments, typically 2-3 atmospheres, forcing far more oxygen to dissolve in plasma beyond what hemoglobin carries, useful for decompression sickness…
Mechanical and Chemical DigestionN
Posted inMedical

Mechanical and Chemical DigestionN

Mechanical digestion physically breaks food into smaller pieces starting with mastication in mouth, churning in stomach via three muscle layers producing chyme, segmentation in small intestine mixing with enzymes, and…
Gallbladder
Posted inOrgans

Gallbladder

The gallbladder is a small pear-shaped sac tucked under the liver that stores and concentrates bile produced by hepatocytes. Between meals, the sphincter of Oddi stays closed, so bile backs…
Primary and Secondary Antibody Respons new
Posted inCell

Primary and Secondary Antibody Respons new

Primary antibody response upon first antigen encounter is slow, IgM appearing days 4-10 from naive B cells activated in nodes or mucosa, peaking low then declining, while secondary anamnestic from…
Germ Layers
Posted inCell

Germ Layers

During early embryonic development, the blastula reorganizes into three primary germ layers that give rise to all tissues and organs. The outer ectoderm forms skin, hair, nails, and the nervous…
Blood Volume Loss and Homeostasis
Posted inMedical

Blood Volume Loss and Homeostasis

An illustration of blood volume loss and homeostasis explains how the body responds to bleeding or dehydration. It shows sensors detecting reduced volume or pressure, triggering responses such as increased…
Lower Limb Arteries Anterior Posterior
Posted inMedical

Lower Limb Arteries Anterior Posterior

Lower limb arteries arise from the femoral artery continuing the external iliac, viewed anteriorly showing profunda femoris branching deep into thigh muscles, then popliteal behind the knee giving genicular branches,…
Catabolic and Anabolic Pathways
Posted inCell

Catabolic and Anabolic Pathways

A metabolic pathway diagram comparing catabolic and anabolic processes shows how the body balances breakdown and building. Catabolic pathways are illustrated breaking large molecules into smaller units while releasing energy,…
Defribillators
Posted inMedical

Defribillators

Defibrillators are lifesaving devices designed to deliver an electric shock to the heart when it's in a chaotic, ineffective rhythm like ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia during cardiac arrest,…
Autosomal Dominant Inheritance
Posted inMedical

Autosomal Dominant Inheritance

A genetic inheritance chart for autosomal dominant traits uses family trees to show transmission across generations. Affected individuals appear in each generation, reinforcing how a single gene copy can express…
Embryonic Folding
Posted inMedical

Embryonic Folding

Embryonic folding converts the flat trilaminar disc into a cylindrical body around weeks 3-4 through head, tail, and lateral folds that pinch the embryo off the yolk sac, incorporating endoderm…
Accessory Organs
Posted inOrgans

Accessory Organs

An anatomy image of accessory organs emphasizes structures that support major systems without forming the main pathway. Common examples include the liver, pancreas, gallbladder, and salivary glands. The layout shows…
CPR Technique
Posted inMedical

CPR Technique

A CPR technique illustration demonstrates correct hand placement, compression depth, and rhythm. Sequential steps show how chest compressions and rescue breaths maintain circulation during cardiac arrest, emphasizing lifesaving timing and…
Permanent and Deciduous TeethN
Posted inDental

Permanent and Deciduous TeethN

Humans have two sets of teeth: deciduous starting eruption around 6 months with 20 total—8 incisors, 4 canines, 8 molars—for primary chewing until about age 12 when exfoliated, and permanent…
Digestion of Proteins Physiology
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Digestion of Proteins Physiology

Digestion of proteins physiology involves not just enzymes but sophisticated regulation to match secretion to dietary intake, starting with the cephalic phase where sight or smell of food stimulates vagal…
Muscular and Elastic Artery Arteriole
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Muscular and Elastic Artery Arteriole

Muscular arteries like femoral or radial distribute blood flow via thick tunica media of smooth muscle regulating resistance through vasoconstriction or dilation, elastic arteries like aorta buffer pulsatile flow with…
Hepatic Portal Vein System
Posted inOrgans

Hepatic Portal Vein System

The hepatic portal vein system is a unique venous network that collects nutrient-rich, deoxygenated blood from the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, and spleen and delivers it directly to the liver for…
Vascular Homeostasis Flow Art
Posted inMedical

Vascular Homeostasis Flow Art

Vascular homeostasis maintains flow via autoregulation myogenic metabolic matching perfusion demand, endothelial nitric oxide prostacyclin vasodilation shear stress, endothelin angiotensin constriction, arteriolar tone dominant resistance site, capillary hydrostatic oncotic pressures…