Mechanical and Chemical DigestionN

Mechanical digestion physically breaks food into smaller pieces starting with mastication in mouth, churning in stomach via three muscle layers producing chyme, segmentation in small intestine mixing with enzymes, and haustral contractions plus mass movements in colon compacting waste, while chemical digestion uses enzymes—amylase, lipase, proteases, nucleases—from saliva, pancreas, and brush border hydrolyzing macromolecules into absorbable monomers.