Neck and Shoulder Bone Anatomy
The neck and shoulder region is a complex network of bones, muscles, and joints that provide support and mobility to the head and upper body.
Neck Anatomy
The neck, also known as the cervical spine, is composed of bones, nerves, muscles, ligaments, and tendons. It supports the position of the head and enables us to turn our head towards stimuli. The neck is divided into four compartments: vertebral, visceral, and two vascular compartments.
The vertebral compartment contains cervical vertebrae and postural muscles. The visceral compartment contains glands (thyroid, parathyroid, and thymus), the larynx, pharynx, and trachea. The vascular compartments contain the common carotid artery, internal jugular vein, and the vagus nerve, on each side of the neck.
houlder Anatomy
The shoulder is a complex combination of bones and joints where many muscles act to provide the widest range of motion of any part of the body. At the shoulder, three major bones meet and create a 90-degree angle:
1. Clavicle (Collarbone): Extends across the front of the shoulder from the sternum to the scapula. It helps stabilize the shoulderÂ’s movements.
2. Scapula (Shoulder Blade): A flat triangular bone located in the upper back. It connects with the collarbone at the front of the body.
3. Humerus: The largest bone of the arm, it connects to the scapula and clavicle in the shoulder.
These bones form three joints: the Glenohumeral joint, the Acromioclavicular (AC) joint, and the Sternoclavicular joint. Each joint is surrounded by cartilage, ligaments, muscles, and tendons. The collection of muscles and tendons in the shoulder is known as the rotator cuff.
Conclusion
The neck and shoulder anatomy is a complex system that provides support, stability, and a wide range of motion to the head and upper body. Understanding this anatomy is crucial for diagnosing and treating conditions that affect these areas. It’s also important for preventing injuries, especially in athletes and individuals who engage in physical activities..
